Research focus
Single molecule fluorescence and Raman microscopy
Microscopy allows us to combine spatial information with spectroscopy. We are interested in the spectroscopy of single molecules and objects on the nanoscale.
By studying individual molecules, we are not limited by measuring the average values (ensemble average) and it allows us to form a complementary picture to the spectroscopic properties that are measured in ensemble measurements.
Besides studying a variety of classic and commercially available dyes, we are working to develop a new class of fluorophores based on silver nanoclusters. Raman microscopy makes it possible to characterize the distribution of chemical compounds and materials at submicrometer length scale.
Group leader
Tom Vosch
Associate professorOffice: C404
Research
Tom Vosch has a background in single molecule fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy. During his PhD, he studied the fluorescent properties of rylene labeled dendrimers at the single molecule level, resulting in the demonstration of several Förster type energy transfer processes like energy hopping, singlet-singlet annihilation and singlet-triplet annihilation at the single molecule level.
As a postdoctoral fellow, he got interested in the unique fluorescence properties of small noble metal clusters and their applications in life and material sciences. He also initiated research leading to the discovery of bright photo stable fluorescent silver clusters in zeolites.
These materials can find applications in solar cells, fluorescent lamps, LEDs and optical storage devices. His research group at the University of Copenhagen is mainly focussed on noble metal cluster fluorescence and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy.

Projects and collaborations
Projects
In my group, you can work with small silver clusters stabilized with DNA or peptides (1-20 atoms) to understand and characterize the fundamental spectroscopic properties of these new fluorescent markers.
Currently, we investigate how to opti-mize these markers for use in high-resolution flu-orescence microscopy (STORM/STED).
Additionally, there are several possible projects in micro-Raman spectroscopy and SERS on a variety of materials such as carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods etc.
Collaborations
The projects are in collaboration with Jesper Nygård, Thomas Sand Jespersen and Kasper Nørgaard.
DNA-AgNCs Properties
Here you can find compositional and photophysical information on HPLC purified DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters.
Click on the DNA sequence to see the specific information.
We now also have a dedicated external database: https://countingphotons.github.io/DNA_AgNC_database/index.html
If you want to learn more about this topic, check out the review by the Copp and Vosch research groups: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/NA/D0NA01005G
Acknowledgements
- Villum Fonden VKR023115
- Independent Research Fund Denmark 0136-00024B
- Novo Nordisk Fonden NNF22OC0073734
Notes
7/4/2021: All DNA-AgNCs were HPLC-purified with a column of 250 mm length. In some papers there is a typo in the description stating the length was 50 mm.

| COMPOSITION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA STANDS | N | N0 | ||||
| 3 | 21 | 6 | ||||
| PROPERTIES | ||||||
| RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K |
| ABS MAX | EPSILON | FLUO MAX | Q | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> |
| 640 | UNKNOWN | 721 | 0,73 | 3,72 | / | / |
| 77K | 77K | 77K | 77K | |||
| FLUO MAX | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> | |||
| 706 | 3,64 | / | / |
References
Compositional information
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2023/sc/d3sc02931j
Spectroscopic properties
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/cc/d0cc01849j
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/sc/d1sc05079f

| COMPOSITION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA STANDS | N | N0 | Chloride | |||
| 2 | 16 | 6 | 2 | |||
| PROPERTIES | ||||||
| RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K |
| ABS MAX | EPSILON | FLUO MAX | Q | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> |
| 525 | UNKNOWN | 736 | 0,26 | 3,27 | / | / |
| 77K | 77K | 77K | 77K | |||
| FLUO MAX | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> | |||
| 690 | 5,2 | 850 | 443000 |
References
Compositional information
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201906766
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.3c01366
Spectroscopic properties
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2050-6120/aaa8bc/meta
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/sc/d1sc05079f
Notes

| COMPOSITION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA STANDS | N | N0 | ||||
| 1 | 14 | 6 | ||||
| PROPERTIES | ||||||
| RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K |
| ABS MAX | EPSILON | FLUO MAX | Q | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> |
| 573 | UNKNOWN | 640 | 0,87 | 2,95 | / | / |
| 77K | 77K | 77K | 77K | |||
| FLUO MAX | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> | |||
| UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN |
References
Compositional information
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.201204624
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00723
Spectroscopic properties

| COMPOSITION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA STANDS | N | N0 | ||||
| UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | ||||
| PROPERTIES | ||||||
| RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K |
| ABS MAX | EPSILON | FLUO MAX | Q | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> |
| 493 | UNKNOWN | 560 | 0,25 | 1,75 | / | / |
| 77K | 77K | 77K | 77K | |||
| FLUO MAX | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> | |||
| UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN |
Spectroscopic properties

| COMPOSITION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA STANDS | N | N0 | ||||
| 1 | 15 | 6 | ||||
| PROPERTIES | ||||||
| RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K | RT/298K |
| ABS MAX | EPSILON | FLUO MAX | Q | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> |
| 603 | 150000 | 672 | 0,68 | 3,86 | / | / |
| 77K | 77K | 77K | 77K | |||
| FLUO MAX | <τ> | LUM MAX | <τ> | |||
| UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN |
Literature references
Compositional information
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00723
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.201204624
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/nn5016067
Spectroscopic properties
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsomega.7b00582
Notes
Epsilon determined using FCS
| λABS MAX (nm) | λEM MAX (nm) | Q | <τw> (ns) | ε (M-1cm-1) | T (0C) | solvent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 573 | 638 | 0.88 | 2.7 | x | 5 | H2O, 10 nM NH4OAc |
| 573 | 640 | 0.8 | 2.59 | x | 25 | H2O, 10 nM NH4OAc |
| 574 | 642 | 0.7 | 2.47 | x | 40 | H2O, 10 nM NH4OAc |

Excitation-Emission Microscopy
In collaboration with the group of Prof. Jurgen Hauer (Technical University Munich), Prof. Giulio Cerullo and Prof. Dario Polli (Polytechnic University of Milan), we developed a single molecule fluorescence setup that allows recording 2D excitation and emission maps of single molecules.
In an alternative configuration it allows measuring 2D excitation wavelength versus decay time maps. Key components on the excitation part are a continuum laser source and a newly developed common-path interferometer.
Publications
Single-molecule excitation–emission spectroscopy
Thyrhaug, E.; Krause, S.; Perri, A.; Cerullo, G.; Polli, D.; Vosch, T.; Hauer, J.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 2019, 116, 4064-4069.

Conference talks
- https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10500/105000J/Broadband-excitation-emission-Fourier-transform-spectroscopy-of-single-molecules-at/10.1117/12.2290589.full?SSO=1
- https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=FTS-2018-FT3B.5
Selected News Stories
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190307131501.htm
- https://phys.org/news/2019-03-approach-spectroscopy-individual-molecules.html
Acknowledgements
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond - Independent Research Fund Denmark
Project DFF-7014-00027
Lanthanide-Imaging
Here you can find information on the efforts in imaging lanthanide emission. Most of the work has been done in collaboration with:
Using 450 nm (Dy3+), 465 nm (Eu3+) and 488 nm (Tb3+), three different lanthanides, embedded in a zeolite host, can be selectively excited by direct excitation.
This leads to three excitation based read-out channels that can be used to create and digitize physically unclonable functions (PUFs) as illustrated in the figure below. Even a limited number of digitized pixels (e.g. 60 x 60) leads to an extremely large encoding capacity.
The PUFs, together with the digitized key can find applications in anti-counterfeiting applications.

Despite the very low extinction coefficient, we demonstrated that direct excitation of Eu3+ and Tb3+ is possible and allowed us to visualize Lanthanides bound to the Glycocalyx of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.
We demonstrate that up-conversion cross-correlation spectroscopy (UCCS) could find applications in the determination of analyte concentrations in a sandwich immunoassay.
Advantages of the up-conversion excitation pathway are the zero background signal in comparison to the very high autofluorescence of the blood serum upon direct excitation.

Using two laser wavelength, 522 nm for direct excitation and 1143 nm for repopulating the 4F9/2 state, we can modulate the red emission of Erbium ions.
The modulated signal allows for the creation of background free imaging when plotting only the signal related to the applied 1143 nm laser modulation frequency.

Publications
Selected research publications
- A Mixed-Valent and High-Spin Vanadium Phosphide
Chandran, A., Sandoval-Pauker, C., Pinter, B., Vosch, T., Wilhelm, F., Rogalev, A., Pedersen, K. S. & Reinholdt, A., 2026, In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 148, 9, p. 9629-9639 11 p. - Bridging the gap: thymine segments to create single-stranded versions of DNA2-[Ag16Cl2]8+
Rück, V., Kanazawa, H., Huang, Z., Mollerup, C. B., Lo Leggio, L., Kondo, J. & Vosch, T., 2026, In: Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers. 13, 7, p. 3149-3153 - Insights into the crystal packing interactions of a 960-nm-emissive DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster
Romolini, G., Kanazawa, H., Lind, S. W., Cerretani, C., Mollerup, C. B., Liccardo, L., Huang, Z., Lo Leggio, L., Rück, V., Kondo, J. & Vosch, T., 2026, In: Chemical Communications. 62, p. 3283-3286 - Real-Time In Vivo Detection of Nanocarrier Number and Velocity in the Cerebrovasculature Using Hot Band Absorption
Wang, X., Liisberg, M. B., Rück, V., Pande, S., Nolt, G. L., Li, L., Yin, Q., Harvey, B. T., Nagel, J., Fu, X., Johnson, L. A., Vosch, T. & Richards, C. I., 2026, In: Small. 22, 17, 15 p. - Two of a Kind: Composition and Photophysics of Two Silver Nanoclusters Stabilized by the Same DNA Sequence
Liccardo, L., Kanazawa, H., Romolini, G., Cerretani, C., Lind, S. W., Polido, B., Mollerup, C. B., Ruck, V., Huang, Z., Lo Leggio, L., Kondo, J. & Vosch, T., 2026, In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 148, 25, p. 25989–25995 7 p.
Group members
Contact
-
Phone+4535320313
-
E-mailtom@chem.ku.dk
-
Job responsibilityGroup leader
-
Employee profileSee all information

